Frequency analyzer for analyzing a time function of a quantity

ABSTRACT

A frequency analyzer comprising a pre-processor, gates, addersubtracters, a function generator, multipliers and a grand adder. An analog signal representative of a function of time f(t) of a quantity to be analyzed is applied to the pre-processor, thence through the gates to the adder-subtracters. The function generator generates a trigonometric function which is applied to the multipliers to be multiplied by the outputs of the addersubtracters, and the outputs of the multipliers are applied to the grand adder.

United States Patent [=1 Murata et a].

n1] 3,824,384 July 16, 1974 [54] FREQUENCY ANALYZER FOR ANALYZING A TIME FUNCTION OF A QUANTITY [75] Inventors: Yutaka Murata; Sigeru lzumi, both of Tokyo, Japan [73] Assignees: Hitachi, Ltd.; Murata Yutaka, both of Tokyo, Japan [22] Filed: Mar. 9, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 233,029

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Sept. 9, 1971 Japan 46-69925 Apr. 19, 1971 Japan 46-24488 [52] US. Cl. 235/156 [51] Int. Cl. G06f 15/34 [58] Field Of Search 235/156, 181; 324/77 D [5 6] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,586,843 6/1971 Sloane 235/156 2 0 2b I COUNTER COUNTER l/l972 Klund 235/156 8/!972 Goldstone 235/156 Primary Examiner-Felix D. Gruber Assistant ExaminerDavid H. Malzahn Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Craig & Antonelli 57 I ABSTRACT A frequency analyzer comprising a pre-processor, gates, adder-subtracters, a function generator, multipliers and a grand adder. An analog signal representative of a function of time f(t) of a quantity to be analyzed is applied to the pre-processor, thence through the gates to the adder-subtracters. The function generator generates a trigonometric function which is applied to the multipliers to be multiplied by the outputs of the adder-subtracters, and the outputs of the multipliers are applied to the grand adder.

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2. Description of the Prior Art Various methods of frequency analysis have been proposed in recent years in various technical fields for the purpose of, for example, analysis of noises occurring in nuclear reactors and analysis of frequencies in acoustics. Digital Fourier transformation (hereinafter to be abbreviated as DFT) by means of digital processi A frequency analyzer according to the present invention is characterized, to perform the above objects, by being composed in the manner so that a quantity to be analyzed is sampled to obtain the total sum [8 or I sampled values and then the power spectrum density at ing of data is especially most frequently employed I among these methods. DFT comprises previously preparing a sine wave and a cosine wave at every frequency point, determining suitably the sampling period and measuring time depending on the frequency range to be subject to analysis, applyinga time function of a quantity to be analyzed from an A-D converter as a data input to a data processor such as a digital computer, and after the application of the data input, processing the data input in relation to the sine and cosine waves previously prepared at every frequency point according to. the Fourier transformation. This method, however, is defective in that multiplication is required a multiplicity of times and an elongated processing period of time is required.

Fast Fourier transformation (hereinafter to'be abbreviated as FFT) has been proposed in an effort to improve the DFT. However,'this FFT is also defective in many points as described below.

1. Analysis cannot be started until after all the data 5. The calculated frequency points are primarily de-- termined by the sampling period and by the number of sampling. As a result, the number of frequency points appearing in a high-frequency range is unnecessarily large, while the 'number of frequency points appearing in a low-frequency range is less than required.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved frequency analyzer for analyzing as a function of time a quantity to be analyzed wherein such disadvantages as discussed above in connection with the prior art is eliminated.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a frequency analyzer by which the power spectrum density of a quantity to be analyzed such as noises oca frequency point of angular frequency 27r/Nl'r by obtaining the sum of the respective multiplication obtainable by multiplying N words of IS by trigonometrical function values.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are diagrammatic illustrations of the relationship between the respective signals cited for explaining the basic principle of the operation according to the present invention;

FIGS. 4 to 10 are graphs showing the resolution relative to the number of meshes N and the wave number n in the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram, shown in block form, of an embodiment ,of the present invention;

FIG. 12 isa waveform for explaining the operation of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.

curring in nuclear reactors and the like can be obtained in real time.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a particular constitution of the decoder and gate circuit in the circuit shown in FIG-.11;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a particular constitution of the adder/substractor. in the circuit shownin FIG. 11;

FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram, shown in block form, of another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is adiagram showing a particular constitution of the signal distributor in the circuit shown in FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a constitution of a system for producing p angular frequencies;

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing a constitution of an embodiment of a data allocator;

FIG. 19 is a time chart for explaining the operation of the allocator of FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a diagram, shown in block form, of a system adapted to obtain a power spectrum density; and

FIG. 21 shows the contents of the memory region in the memory shownin FIG. 20.

I DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFRRED EMBODIMENTS In digital frequency analysis, it is fundamental that a time function f(t) of a quantity to be analyzed be multiplied by trigonometric functions (a sine wave signal sin m t and a cosine wave signal cos m t, where (n is an angular frequency to be analyzed) so as to calculate the following function (1): 

1. A frequency analyzer for analyzing as a function of time a selected quantity comprising: means for counting clock signals; means for sampling under control of said clock signals, a signal to be analyzed and for converting the sampled data into a digitized signal; means for decoding the sequence numbers of the mesh points in the individual divisions of a sine wave in response to the data derived from said counting means; gate means for selectively passing said digitized signal to respective outputs in response to the signal decoded by said decoding means; adder/subtractor means for selectively performing addition or subtraction on successive signals received from the respective outputs of said gate means depending of the value of the data derived from said counting means; means for generating a plurality of trigonometric function values; means for multiplying said respective trigonometric function values by the respective output values of said adder/subtractor means; and means for summing up all the respective outputs derived from said multiplier means.
 2. A frequency anylzer according to claim 1, further comprising signal distributor means provided between the adder/subtractor means and said multiplier means for obtaining coefficient values for said respective trigonometric function values.
 3. A frequency analyzer comprising: means for sampling a signal to be analyzed as a function of time in synchronism with clock signals having a period Tau and for converting the sampled value to a digitized signal; first counter means for counting said clock signals so as to produce a first overflow signal whenever said first counter has counted l times, where l is an integer; said second counter means for counting said first overflow signal so as to produce a second overflow signal where said second counter has counted N times, where N is an integer; third counter means for counting said second overflow signal so as to produce a third overflow signal whenever said third counter has counted n times, where n is an integer; N integrating means each including a memory for integrating said digitized signal; means for applying said digitized signal to a specified one of said N integrating means, according to the contents of said second counter means, to integrate said digitized signal successively until said third overflow signal is produced; means for multiplying the contents stored in said memories of said integrating means for function values of sine and cosine waves so as to perform a frequency analysis for an annular frequency omega which is represented by the value 2 pi u/Nl Tau , where N, l, and u are positive integers.
 4. A frequency analyzer according to claim 3 wherein, when N is an even number, the most significant bit of said second counter is separated to represent the relative address N/2 words by the remaining bit of said second counter, whereby it is alternatively selectable whether said digitized sampled value is added to or subtracted from the contents of said relative address according to whether said most significant bit is 1 or
 0. 5. A frequency analyzer comprising: means for sampling a siGnal to be analyzed as a function of time at intervals of Tau under control of clock signals having a period Tau and for converting the sampled value to a digitized signal; first counter means for counting said clock signals so as to produce a first overflow signal whenever said first counter has counted l times, where l is an integer; second counter means for counting said first overflow signal so as to produce a second overflow signal whenever said second counter has counted N times, where N is an integer; third counter means for counting said second overflow signal so as to produce a third overflow signal whenever said counter has counted n times, where n is an integer; address computing means for adding a value representing an address of an electronic computer to the value of the contents of said second counter; means for effecting correspondence between the contents of said second counter and a relative address of N words in said electronic computer by adding a digitized sampled value to the contents of said relative address every sampling period successively until said third overflow signal is produced; means for multiplying the contents stored in said relative address of said electronic computer by function values of sine and cosine waves so as to perform the frequency analysis for an angular frequency omega which is represented by the value 2 pi u/Nl Tau where N, l, and u are positive integers. 